Txhua yam khoom muaj peev xwm ua tau magnetized rau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud, tab sis qib ntawm magnetization txawv. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv sab nraud magnetic teb, cov khoom yuav muab faib ua tsib pawg: paramagnetic khoom, diamagnetic khoom, ferromagnetic khoom, ferrimagnetic khoom, thiab antiferromagnetic khoom.
Paramagnetic khoom: ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ua tau magnetized raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm magnetic teb thaum nws tsiv mus nyob ze ntawm lub magnetic teb, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim thiab tsuas yog ntsuas nrog precision instruments; Yog hais tias sab nraud magnetic teb raug tshem tawm, lub sab hauv magnetic teb kuj yuav rov qab mus rau xoom, ua rau tsis muaj hlau nplaum. Xws li aluminium, oxygen, thiab lwm yam.
Diamagnetic khoom:ib yam khoom uas muaj qhov tsis zoo magnetic susceptibility. Thaum raug rau sab nraud magnetic teb, induced electron ncig yog generated nyob rau hauv lub molecule, thiab lub sij hawm sib nqus nws generates yog opposite rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb, uas yog, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb tom qab magnetization yog opposite rau lub magnetic teb. kev taw qhia ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Tag nrho cov organic tebchaw muaj diamagnetic zog. Graphite, lead, dej, thiab lwm yam yog tag nrho cov khoom diamagnetic.
Ferromagnetic khoom:ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws lub xeev magnetized thiab muaj hlau nplaum txawm tias sab nraud magnetic teb ploj tom qab raug magnetized nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb. Hlau, cobalt, thiab npib tsib xee yog tag nrho cov khoom ferromagnetic.
Cov khoom siv ferimagnetic:Lub macroscopic magnetism yog tib yam li ferromagnetism, tab sis qhov sib nqus susceptibility qis dua. Cov khoom siv ferrimagnetic feem ntau yog ferrite. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib nqus sab hauv.
Antiferromagnetic cov ntaub ntawv:Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv antiferromagnetic, lub spin ntawm valence electrons nyob ib sab yuav nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia. Lub sijhawm sib nqus ntawm cov khoom siv no yog xoom thiab tsis muaj qhov sib nqus ua haujlwm. Cov khoom no tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, thiab feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv antiferromagnetic tsuas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv tias qhov kub thiab txias tshaj ib qho nqi, nws feem ntau yog paramagnetic. Piv txwv li, chromium, manganese, thiab lwm yam yog antiferromagnetic.
Peb hu cov ntaub ntawv paramagnetic thiab diamagnetic tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum, thiab cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic thiab ferrimagnetic muaj zog hlau nplaum. Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum feem ntau hu ua cov khoom sib nqus muaj zog. Cov khoom sib nqus tuaj yeem muab faib ua
Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum mostuaj yeem ua tiavMaximum magnetization siv nrog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws sab nraud magnetic teb. Lawv yog cov khoom siv sib nqus nrog qis coercivity thiab siab magnetic permeability. Cov khoom sib nqus mos yog yooj yim rau magnetize thiab yooj yim rau demagnetize. Piv txwv li: mos ferrites, thiab amorphous nanocrystalline alloys.
Hard magnetic cov ntaub ntawv:tseem hu ua cov khoom sib nqus mus tas li, xa mus rau cov khoom siv uas nyuaj rau magnetize thiab nyuaj rau demagnetize ib zaug magnetized. Lawv lub ntsiab feature yog siab coercivity, nrog rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov, cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov, thiab cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ua haujlwm:Feem ntau yog cov khoom siv magnetostrictive, cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, cov ntaub ntawv magnetoresistance, cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus npuas, cov ntaub ntawv magneto-optical, thiab cov khoom siv magnetic.
